A day at the zoo.

Spring time

This is why I love Colorado.

May 27, 1831 - Jedediah Smith is killed by Commanche Indians on the Santa Fe Trail.

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Jedediah Smith's was a trapper/explorer of the U.S. Far West, born on January 6, 1799. As with many mountain men of the time, Smith headed west as a businessman working for east coast fur companies. His goal was to find new territories to trap beaver and hunt buffalo, as well as to make trading contacts with Native Americans.  He made his first expedition in 1822 with the fur trader William Ashley, exploring the Missouri River then striking out west to the Rocky Mountains. Smith's travels provided information on western geography and potential trails that were invaluable to later pioneers. Smith's most important accomplishment may have been his rediscovery in 1824 of the South Pass, a natural crossing point through the Rockies. The first Anglo-Americans to cross the pass were fur traders heading east from an Astoria, Oregon trading post in 1812, yet despite their detailed journal being delivered to President Madison and being published in France, the route was not widely known. Smith’s passage helped establish the South Pass among fur trappers as an effective route. It wouldn’t be until the 1880’s that settlers would use the pass on their journey west, becoming an integral part of the Oregon Trail.

With a party of 83 men, Smith left St. Louis in early 1831 and headed south along the Cimarron River, a region known to be nearly devoid of potable water. Despite his years of wilderness experience, Smith was apparently overconfident in his ability to find water and did not take adequate supplies from St. Louis. By mid-May, the party's water supplies were almost exhausted, and the men started separating each day to search for waterholes. Smith was riding alone when he encountered a hunting party of Commanche Indians, who attacked him after a brief standoff. Dazed and weakened by lack of water, Smith still managed to shoot the Commanche chief before he was overwhelmed and killed.

Bad way to spend a day.

Loved one in the hospital. University of Colorado Medical has a fantastic staff. Couldn't ask for better. Thanks, guys.

February 25, 2012

When I first moved here, I took the light rail downtown and slid right past this particular piece of work outside the convention center. I have yet to find out who built it or why, but there is something odd about any city that builds a large blue bear in the middle of downtown. Of course, its got nothing on the horse.

February 4, 2010

 

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Love him or hate him, it was this day in 1969 that Yasser Arafat took over the Palestine Liberation Organization.

 

Mohammed Abdel-Raouf Arafat As Qudwa al-Hussaeini was born on 24 August 1929 in Cairo, his father a textile merchant who was a Palestinian with some Egyptian ancestry, his mother from an old Palestinian family in Jerusalem. She died when Yasir, as he was called, was five years old, and he was sent to live with his maternal uncle in Jerusalem, the capital of the British Mandate of Palestine. He has revealed little about his childhood, but one of his earliest memories is of British soldiers breaking into his uncle's house after midnight, beating members of the family and smashing furniture.

After four years in Jerusalem, his father brought him back to Cairo, where an older sister took care of him and his siblings. Arafat never mentions his father, who was not close to his children. Arafat did not attend his father's funeral in 1952.

In Cairo, before he was seventeen Arafat was smuggling arms to Palestine to be used against the British and the Jews. At nineteen, during the war between the Jews and the Arab states, Arafat left his studies at the University of Faud I (later Cairo University) to fight against the Jews in the Gaza area. The defeat of the Arabs and the establishment of the state of Israel left him in such despair that he applied for a visa to study at the University of Texas. Recovering his spirits and retaining his dream of an independent Palestinian homeland, he returned to Faud University to major in engineering but spent most of his time as leader of the Palestinian students.

He did manage to get his degree in 1956, worked briefly in Egypt, then resettled in Kuwait, first being employed in the department of public works, next successfully running his own contracting firm. He spent all his spare time in political activities, to which he contributed most of the profits. In 1958 he and his friends founded Al-Fatah, an underground network of secret cells, which in 1959 began to publish a magazine advocating armed struggle against Israel. At the end of 1964 Arafat left Kuwait to become a full-time revolutionary, organising Fatah raids into Israel from Jordan.

February 3, 2010

 

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Jean-Baptiste Biot was educated at the college of Louis-le-grand in Paris, then after graduating he joined the army in 1793. He was then a pupil at the École Polytechnique in Paris where Monge realised his potential. There was an attempted insurrection by the royalists against the Convention and Biot took part. He was captured by government forces and taken prisoner. Had it not been for Monge, who could not see someone with such talents remain in jail, or even die, pleading successfully for his release his promising career might have ended. He became Professor of Mathematics at the École Centrale at Beauvais in 1797. Three years later he became Professor of Mathematical Physics at the Collège de France, an appointment which was due to the influence of Laplace. 

In 1803 Biot was elected to the First Class of the Institute. Three years later he went with Arago to Spain to complete earlier work begun there on calculating the measure of the arc of the meridian. In 1809 Biot was appointed Professor of Physical Astronomy at the Faculty of Sciences. Biot studied a wide range of mathematical topics, mostly on the applied mathematics side. He made advances in astronomy, elasticity, electricity and magnetism, heat and optics on the applied side while, in pure mathematics, he also did important work in geometry. He collaborated with Arago on refractive properties of gases. 

Biot, together with Savart, discovered that the intensity of the magnetic field set up by a current flowing through a wire varies inversely with the distance from the wire. This is now known as Biot-Savart's Law and is fundamental to modern electromagnetic theory.For his work on the polarization of light passing through chemical solutions he was awarded the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society. Another of his important works was Mémoire sur la figure de la terre (1827) which describes the shape of the Earth. 

He tried twice for the post of Secretary to the Académie des Sciences and to improve his chances for election to this post he wrote Essai sur l'Histoire Générale des Sciences pendant la Révolution. However he lost out in 1822 to Fourier for this post, then again when Fourier died he applied only to lose to Arago.

St Beuve says that Biot

was endowed to the highest degree with all the qualities of curiosity, finesse, penetration, precision, ingenious analysis, method, clarity, in short with all the essential and secondary qualities, bar one, genius, in the sense of originality and invention.

A contrasting comment by Olinthus Gregory in 1821 is:

With regard to M. Biot, I had an opportunity of pretty fully appreciating his character when we were together in the Zetland [= Shetland] Isles; and I do not hesitate to say that I never met so strange a compound of vanity, impetuosity, fickleness, and natural partiality, as is exhibited in his character.